Abstract
Overconsumption of fructose results in dyslipidemia, hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance, which have documented correlation with metabolic syndrome. Gastrodia elata, a widely used traditional herbal medicine, was reported with anti-inflammatory and antidiabetes activities. Thus, this study examined whether ethanol extract of Gastrodia elata Blume (EGB) attenuate lipid metabolism and endothelial dysfunction in a high-fructose (HF) diet animal model. Rats were fed the 65% HF diet with/without EGB 100 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. Treatment with EGB significantly suppressed the increments of epididymal fat weight, blood pressure, plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol levels, and oral glucose tolerance, respectively. In addition, EGB markedly prevented increase of adipocyte size and hepatic accumulation of triglycerides. EGB ameliorated endothelial dysfunction by downregulation of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and adhesion molecules in the aorta. Moreover, EGB significantly recovered the impairment of vasorelaxation to acetylcholine and levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and induced markedly upregulation of phosphorylation AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α in the liver, muscle, and fat. These results indicate that EGB ameliorates dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance as well as impaired vascular endothelial function in HF diet rats. Taken together, EGB may be a beneficial therapeutic approach for metabolic syndrome.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome, a worldwide issue, is characterized by insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and/or hyperglycemia, high blood serum triglycerides, low concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, high blood pressure, and central obesity
The exposure of the liver to such enormous rising fructose consumption leads to rapid stimulation of lipogenesis and triglyceride accumulation, which in turn leads to reduced insulin sensitivity and hepatic insulin resistance/glucose intolerance [4]
We provided the evidence for the beneficial effect of Gastrodia elata on lipid metabolism and endothelial dysfunction in high fructoseinduced metabolic syndrome rat model
Summary
A worldwide issue, is characterized by insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and/or hyperglycemia, high blood serum triglycerides, low concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, high blood pressure, and central obesity. Fructose is an isomer of glucose with a hydroxyl group on carbon-4 reversed in position It is promptly absorbed and rapidly metabolized by liver. High-fructose diet induces a well-characterised metabolic syndrome, generally resulting in hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and low level of HDL-cholesterol [5]. Emerging data suggest that experiment on fructosediet rats tends to produce some of the changes associated with metabolic syndrome, such as altered lipid metabolism, fatty liver, hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia [8]. The effect of ethanol extract of Gastrodia elata Blume on high-fructose (HF) diet animal model has not been yet reported. The present study was designed to determine whether an ethanol extract of Gastrodia elata Blume (EGB) improves high-fructose diet-induced lipid metabolism and endothelial dysfunction
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