Abstract
Gastro-Intestinal Parasites Co-Infection and their Interaction as Drivers of Host Heterogeneity in South African Communal Goat Populations
Highlights
Gastro-intestinal parasitism by a single species is an exception in veld conditions in ruminants (Cox, 2001; Telfer et al, 2010; Mpofu et al, 2020)
The single infection intensities in male and female goats for S. papillosus, strongyles and Trichuris sp. were significantly similar (p>0.05), in dual co-infections for strongyles and S. papillosus, strongyles and Trichuris sp., the intensities were significantly higher (p
Goats co-infected with strongyles with either S. papillosus or Trichuris exhibited higher (p
Summary
Gastro-intestinal parasitism by a single species is an exception in veld conditions in ruminants (Cox, 2001; Telfer et al, 2010; Mpofu et al, 2020). The fact, until recently more or less ignored, is that most parasites co-exist with other parasites (Telfer et al, 2010; Thumbi et al, 2014). In the parasite communities infecting livestock populations, direct interactions may arise when these parasites compete for common resources, such as food or space (Lello et al, 2004; Mideo, 2009), the population size of either or both pathogens involved may be limited as a result (Petney and Andrews, 1998). The indirect interactions may occur by modifying the host’s immune response (Cattadori et al, 2007; Jolles et al, 2008) or susceptibility to the second or other parasite species infection (Holmes et al, 1974; Mackenzie et al, 1975). Interactions between concomitant parasites may alter the outcome of the subsequent infection, such as by minimizing or prolonging prepatent times (Kaufmann et al, 1992; Gale et al, 1997), or by increasing pathogens pathogenicity (Kaufmann et al, 1992; Goossens et al, 1997; Petney and Andrews, 1998)
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