Abstract
Introduction: Gastritis is a very common and widely distributed condition worldwide. It represents one of the most common pathological entities in gastroenterology and digestive endoscopy. Our objective was to determine the sociodemographic, clinical, endoscopic, and histological aspects of gastritis in the digestive endoscopy unit of the General Hospital Idrissa Pouye (GHIP). Materials and Method: This was a retrospective study over a period of 4 years (from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2017) at the digestive endoscopy unit of GHIP. We had collated oesogastroduodenal endoscopy (EGDE) reports with gastritis appearance with gastric biopsies and reports with normal stomach appearance with gastric biopsies and their histological reports. We collected and analyzed data on age, gender, indications for endoscopy, endoscopic findings and histological results. Results: The reports of 593 patients were analyzed. The mean age was 45 years old (range 8 - 88 years old) and the sex ratio was 0.63 (230 men). The indications for endoscopy were epigastralgia in (91%) of cases, dyspepsia in (22%) of cases, pyrosis in (12%) of cases. The endoscopic appearance was normal in 229 patients (39%). The endoscopic location of the gastritis was antral in 76%, fundic in 22% and pangastric in 2%. The gastritis was erythematous in 327 patients (90%), erosive in 126 patients (35%), congestive in 53 patients (15%), pseudonodular in 14 patients (4%) and atrophic in 10 patients (3%). Histology was normal in 8 patients (1.3%) and showed gastritis in 585 patients (98.7%). Gastritis was chronic in 575 patients (98.2%), acute in 10 patients (1.7%). Gastritis activity was moderate in (52.7%) and mild in (42.9%). Atrophy was absent in 521 patients (88.6%) and mild in 46 patients (8.2%). Intestinal metaplasia was found in 66 patients (11%). Dysplasia was present in 1.7% of cases. This dysplasia was intermediate grade (60%) in 6 patients, low grade (20%) in 2 patients and severe grade (20%). H. pylori was present in 404 patients (68%). Conclusion: Gastritis is usually found in the digestive endoscopy unit of the GHIP. The indications for endoscopy are dominated by epigastralgia and histology is necessary for its diagnosis.
Highlights
Gastritis is a very common and widely distributed condition worldwide
Low socioeconomic status, crowded urban environments, youthful population and communal living are risk factors for this infection [2]. It has been shown for several decades that chronic gastritis types A and B are associated with epithelial changes that can progress to atrophy, Intestinal Metaplasia (IM), dysplasia and even cancer
The famous histological cascade proposed by Correa goes from chronic gastritis related to H. pylori infection to cancer via gastric atrophy, IM and dysplasia [3]
Summary
Gastritis is a very common and widely distributed condition worldwide It represents one of the most common pathological entities in gastroenterology and digestive endoscopy. We collected and analyzed data on age, gender, indications for endoscopy, endoscopic findings and histological results. Low socioeconomic status, crowded urban environments, youthful population and communal living are risk factors for this infection [2]. It has been shown for several decades that chronic gastritis types A and B are associated with epithelial changes that can progress to atrophy, Intestinal Metaplasia (IM), dysplasia and even cancer. The famous histological cascade proposed by Correa goes from chronic gastritis related to H. pylori infection to cancer via gastric atrophy, IM and dysplasia [3]
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