Abstract
Gastrin is a hormone produced mainly by specialized endocrine (G) cells of the pyloric antral part of the stomach and is secreted in response to food in the stomach. It acts on histamine-secreting enterochromaffin-like cells and acid-secreting parietal cells in the body of the stomach to increase acid secretion. It may also regulate proliferation of epithelial cells in the stomach and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrin secretion is inhibited by gastric acid, probably via the paracrine mediator somatostatin. When acid secretion is reduced (in patients with pernicious anemia or individuals treated with proton pump inhibitors), plasma gastrin is elevated. There is also increased plasma gastrin in patients with gastrinoma (Zollinger–Ellison syndrome). The main receptor for gastrin is the cholecystokinin (CCK)-2 (or gastrin–CCK B ) receptor.
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