Abstract
We report on the study of an intensity-based optical fiber sensor for gasoline quality monitoring. The sensor setup employs two Bragg gratings with different spectral responses to interrogate the optical response of a tilted Bragg grating. The sensor operation is based on the tilted Bragg grating sensitivity to external refractive index changes, which are translated as power variations by the interrogation scheme. Gasoline–ethanol solutions with concentrations ranging from 0% to 60% ethanol were used to demonstrate the sensor performance. The results allowed to estimate that the sensor is able, within its resolution limit, to detect ethanol concentration variations of 1.5% in gasoline–ethanol solutions and discriminate temperature variations of 0.5 °C. The all-optical sensor setup is compact and robust, making it a competitive alternative for the realization of fuel quality analyses in practical applications.
Highlights
The efforts made towards the study of renewable fuels have provided very interesting results in recent years, the use of petroleum-derived fuels remains crucial in today’s world
Note that some of the cladding modes become leaky modes, depending on the gasoline–ethanol solution that surrounds the tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs). This bound-to-leaky mode transition is observed as an abrupt variation in the visibility of the dips in the TFBG transmission spectrum [20]. It happens because the gasoline–ethanol solutions’ refractive indices are relatively high (1.3746, 1.3862, and 1.3983 as measured at 589 nm for the solutions with 60%, 30%, and 0% ethanol diluted in gasoline, respectively) and eventually greater than the effective refractive index of some of the cladding modes excited by the TFBG
We described the study of a gasoline-adulteration optical fiber sensor
Summary
The efforts made towards the study of renewable fuels have provided very interesting results in recent years, the use of petroleum-derived fuels remains crucial in today’s world. Gasoline sensors based on Fabry–Perot interferometers prepared on fiber tips [9] and on long-period gratings associated with fiber tapers [10] have been reported in the literature In these investigations, the sensing experiments are based on spectral measurements [5,6,7,8,9] or make use of sophisticated interrogation schemes (such as the setup reported in [10], based on white light interferometry). Tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs) [11] are suitable for probing refractive index variations in the medium that surrounds the optical fiber. Bragg gratings (FBGs) consist of periodic refractive index modulations along the core of an optical fiber, which allow coupling between forward and backwards propagating core modes [19]. These spectral and amplitude shifts are translated into power variations in the sensor output, which can be directly associated to gasoline–ethanol solution concentration variations
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