Gaseous Emissions from a Seagoing Ship under Different Operating Conditions in the Coastal Region of China

Chunjiang Bai,Bingxin Liu,Peng Wu,Zhaoyi Zhang,Ying Li

doi:10.3390/atmos11030305

Abstract

Pollution caused by ship emissions has drawn attention from various countries. Because of the high density of ships in ports, channels, and anchorages and their proximity to the densely populated areas, ship emissions will considerably impact these areas. Herein, a Chinese seagoing ship is selected and a platform is established for monitoring the ship emissions to obtain detailed characteristics of the ship’s nearshore emissions. The ship navigation and pollution emission data are obtained under six complete operating conditions, i.e., berthing, manoeuvring in port, acceleration in a channel, cruising, deceleration before anchoring, and anchoring. This study analyzes the concentrations of the main emission gases (O2, NOX, SO2, CO2, and CO) and the average emission factors (EFs) of the pollution gases (NOX, SO2, CO2, and CO) based on the engine power under different operating conditions. Results show that the change in O2 concentration reflects the load associated with the main engine of the ship. The NOX, SO2, and CO2 emission concentrations are the highest during cruising, whereas the peak CO emission concentration is observed during anchoring. The average EFs of NOX and SO2 based on the power of the main engine are the highest during cruising, and those of CO2 and CO are the highest after anchoring. The ship EFs are different during acceleration and deceleration. By comparing the EFs along the coast of China and the global EFs commonly used to perform the emission inventory calculations in China, the NOX EFs under different operating conditions is observed to be generally lower than the global EFs under the corresponding operating conditions. Furthermore, the SO2 EF is considerably affected by the sulfur content in the fuel oil and the operating conditions of the ship. The average CO2 EFs are higher than the global EFs commonly used during cruising, and the CO EFs are higher than the global EFs under all the conditions. Our results help to supplement the EFs for this type of ship under different operating conditions, resolve the lack of emission data under anchoring conditions, and provide data support to conduct nearshore environmental monitoring and assessment.

Highlights

With the rapid development of maritime transporting, the environmental problems associated with ship emissions have become concerning; several countries and international organizations have deemed the assessment of ship emissions important
The gaseous drastically changed under the remaining operating conditions because the engine started from a cold emission concentration drastically remaining conditions because the condition, whereas the engine was changed relativelyunder warmthe when cruisingoperating at a constant speed
The data set obtained in this experiment is suitable for this type of ship, and it can be used for comparison and reference of emission characteristics for light ships with little difference between the types of main engine and fuel

Summary

Introduction

With the rapid development of maritime transporting, the environmental problems associated with ship emissions have become concerning; several countries and international organizations have deemed the assessment of ship emissions important. To effectively reduce the nitrogen oxides (NOX ) and SOX content from the marine engine emissions, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has promulgated and implemented the International. Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships(MARPOL), in which Annex VI “prevention of air pollution caused by ships” [5] requires that the NOX emission of engine (Table 1) and sulfur content (Table 2) in fuel must meet the control requirements. The Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China has promulgated and implemented the “Implementation Scheme of the Domestic Emission Control Areas for Atmospheric Pollution from Vessels” [8]. The emission requirements with respect to ships in the domestic ECAs will be implemented on a step-by-step basis, and the coastal areas and inland rivers of China will be divided into ship ECAs (Table 2) [9]. The scale of China’s shipping trade, ports, and ship activities will continue to gradually increase, and the environmental problems associated with the ship emissions will become increasingly prominent

Objectives

Results

Conclusion