Abstract
Power outage is a prominent feature of the current Nigerian power system. However, a properly planned energy sector can help the nations quest for energy sustainability and economic development. Techno-economic assessment of the Nigerian energy facilities for efficient gas-to-grid power integration is presented in this paper using the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) for solving a voltage stability-constrained optimal power flow model on Matlab environment. Investment in gas-fired DG technology can be an economic and sustainable approach for reducing the detrimental effeccts of gas-flaring practices of the petroleum industries on the environment. The technical benefits such as voltage profile improvement and voltage stability enhancement are the main focus of the technical analysis carried out in this study.
Highlights
Voltage stability issues and the extreme problems of indiscriminate voltage collapse remain a crucial challenge to the reliable and economic operation of power systems in Nigeria [1]
One important issue to be considered when adding distributed generation (DG) units to power systems is the effects it will have on the power flow and voltage stability margin of the power system
The mathematical formulation of Gas and electricity optimal power flow (GEOPF) adopted in this work is expressed as a minimization of the total cost of operating the gas-to-grid network infrastructures [17] : Minimize Ctotal(x)=CHT+CCGT +CGrid +CGpipe - Cgs x where Ctotal(x) is the net cost which consists of the following constituent costs: the conventional hydrothermal generator operating cost CHT, the production and Investment cost on gas turbine CCGT., cost of grid enhancement based on additional power injection CGrid, cost of gas pipeline maintenance CGpipe and the environmental benefit/sustainability cost of gas Cgs ; as expressed below:
Summary
Voltage stability issues and the extreme problems of indiscriminate voltage collapse remain a crucial challenge to the reliable and economic operation of power systems in Nigeria [1]. More than 20 occurrences of system collapse, both partial and total, is reported yearly in Nigeria [4] The reason for this has been attributed to the grossly insufficient generation and inadequate transmission network [5]. As it currently stands, the main threat to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria, like in other developing nations, is the problem of poor economy which is principally due to the erratic nature of the energy industry. An average of about 2.5 billion cubic feet of gas from crude oil production is reportedly being wasted via gas flaring per year in Nigeria [8] This amounts to credible economic and environmental resources wastage, and has significantly affected the quality of living in terms atmosphere, land and water pollution. The lifecycle CO2 emission content of natural gas as primary fuel compared to other energy sources and the possible utilization options for clean natural gases for Nigerian situation is illustrated in Table 1 and Figure 1
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