Abstract
SUMMARY This study evaluated the influence of the propolis ethanolic extract (PEE) on gas production and in vitro degradability of sheep diets. Five experimental diets (treatments) were evaluated: without addition of PEE; 6 mL PEE; 12 mL PEE; 24 mL PEE and 36 mL PEE/kg concentrate. The experimental diet consisted of 50% elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and 50% concentrate. There was a quadratic effect (P <0.05) for the volumes of total gas production (Vt), gases produced by the rapid degradation fractions (Vf1), and for in vitro degradability at 120 hours (Deg120), where the lowest values of Vt, Vf1 and Deg120, were found for the inclusion of 9.4 mL PEE/kg concentrate. Gas production by fermentation of the slow degradation fraction (Vf2) presented a mean of 25 mL/g DM (P <0.05). The colonization time of food particles (λ) significantly reduced (P<0.05) with increasing inclusion of PEE. Thus, it can be concluded that the PEE up to the inclusion of 9.4 mL/kg concentrate was efficient in inhibiting in vitro total gas production and from the fractions of rapid degradation by 9.9 and 15.3%, respectively, in addition to promoting a reduction of 5.3% in degradability after 120 h incubation in diets with a concentrate: forage ratio of 50:50. Thus, the inhibition in gas production was proportionally greater than the reduction of degradability.
Highlights
The management of the ruminal environment is carried out in order to increase the efficiency of food degradation, reducing the energy losses, mainly occurring in the processes of gas production and nitrogen recycling (SILVA et al, 2015)
Where: V(t) = cumulative volume at time t; Vf1 = volume of gases produced by the rapid degradation fractions; Vf2 = volume of gases produced by the slow degradation fractions; k = Specific degradation rate (%/h); k1 = specific degradation rate of rapid digestion fractions (%/h); - Specific degradation rate of slow digestion fractions (%/h); t = fermentation time; ʎ = time of colonization of bacteria (h)
There was an effect of the inclusion of propolis ethanolic extract (PEE) for the variables volume of gas production (Vt), volume of gases produced by the rapid degradation fractions (Vf1), colonization time (ʎ) and in vitro gas degradability within 120 hours (Table 2; P
Summary
The management of the ruminal environment is carried out in order to increase the efficiency of food degradation, reducing the energy losses, mainly occurring in the processes of gas production and nitrogen recycling (SILVA et al, 2015). The consumers are increasingly demanding, with great rejection of products from animals fed antibiotics, with the European Union banning the use of ionophores as of January 1st, 2006 (EU Resolution 1831/2003) For this reason, many studies have been conducted to find natural substances that can replace antimicrobials in a satisfactory manner, improving the ruminant feed efficiency without leaving residues in their products (VALERO et al, 2011). Considering that Caatinga is an exclusively Brazilian biome, home to endemic plants, which in general are rich in phenolic compounds (STRAUSSDEBENEDETTI, 1996), resin collected from these plants will have greater abundance of these substances Among their several bioactive properties, phenols present antibacterial (mainly in gram-positive bacteria) and anti-protozoa (PRADO et al, 2010; WAGH, 2013) activities. In view of the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the propolis ethanolic extract on gas production and in vitro degradability of sheep diets
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