Abstract
This study investigates distributions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) congeners in the exhaust gases of gasoline- and diesel-fueled vehicles. 6 sport utility vehicles (SUVs), 6 diesel passenger vehicles (DPVs), and 3 heavy duty diesel vehicle (HDDV) were examined using chassis dynamometer tests for measuring vehicular dioxin emissions. The mean PCDD/F I-TEQ emission factors were 0.101, 0.0688 and 0.912 ng I-TEQ/km for the SUVs, DPVs and HDDV, respectively. Highly chlorinated congeners dominated both gaseous and particulate phase PCDD/Fs. The major contributors of gas-phase PCDD/F I-TEQ for the SUVs, DPVs, and HDDV were 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 2,3,7,8-TeCDD, and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, respectively; however, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF was the major contributor in particulatephase PCDD/F I-TEQ of these vehicles. The particulate-phase PCDD/Fs was responsible for 78.0, 90.3 and 71.1% of total PCDD/Fs for the SUVs, DPVs, and HDDV, respectively. Therefore, the control of particulate matter is more critical than that of gaseous pollutants for reducing PCDD/F emissions from automobiles.
Highlights
In recent years, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) has been extensively concerned due to their acute toxicity and associated adverse health effects
The mean PCDD/F I-TEQ concentrations in exhaust gases of the sport utility vehicles (SUVs), diesel passenger vehicles (DPVs), and heavy duty diesel vehicle (HDDV) are listed in Table 2, which were 0.0544 (RSD = 70.3%), 0.0337 (88.6%), and 0.0724 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 (56.7%), respectively
The PCDD/F I-TEQ concentrations obtained in this study were higher than those of HDDVs (1.1–9.7 pg I-TEQ/Nm3) reported by Geueke et al (1999) and a light duty diesel engine (6.4–14.5 pg I-TEQ/Nm3) (Kim et al, 2003)
Summary
In recent years, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) has been extensively concerned due to their acute toxicity and associated adverse health effects. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 10: 489–496, 2010 the PCDD/Fs partitioning in vapor/solid phases is important for developing the PCDD/F control technologies of vehicles and modeling the transportation of PCDD/Fs in environment. Understanding PCDD/Fs partitioning between gas and particulate phases is necessary to conduct their dispersion modeling and risk assessments (Oh et al, 2001; Rice et al, 2008; Armitage et al, 2009; Novak et al, 2009). Few study reported the PCDD/F partitionings between vapor/solid phases in vehicle exhausts. 6 SUVs, 6 DPVs, and 3 HDDV were tested in accordance with regulated driving cycles to estimate emission concentrations, emission factors, and gas/particulate phase distributions of PCDD/Fs in the vehicle tailpipe exhausts. This study provides essential information for developing control strategies, dispersion modeling, and risk assessments of vehicular PCDD/F emissions
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