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Abstract
Understanding how gases escape from particle-rich suspensions has important applications in nature and industry. Motivated by applications such as outgassing of crystal-rich magmas, we map gas migration patterns in experiments where we vary (1) particle fractions and liquid viscosity (10 Pa s – 500 Pa s), (2) container shape (horizontal parallel plates and upright cylinders), and (3) methods of bubble generation (single bubble injections, and multiple bubble generation with chemical reactions). We identify two successive changes in gas migration behavior that are determined by the normalized particle fraction (relative to random close packing), and are insensitive to liquid viscosity, bubble growth rate or container shape within the explored ranges. The first occurs at the random loose packing, when gas bubbles begin to deform; the second occurs near the random close packing, and is characterized by gas migration in a fracture-like manner. We suggest that changes in gas migration behavior are caused by dilation of the granular network, which locally resists bubble growth. The resulting bubble deformation increases the likelihood of bubble coalescence, and promotes the development of permeable pathways at low porosities. This behavior may explain the efficient loss of volatiles from viscous slurries such as crystal-rich magmas.
Highlights
Introduction and BackgroundVolcanic eruptions provide a striking example of the importance of outgassing in natural viscous suspensions
We identify two successive changes in gas migration behavior that are determined by the normalized particle fraction, and are insensitive to liquid viscosity, bubble growth rate or container shape within the explored ranges
For small gap geometries, it is well established that injection of air into a more viscous liquid generates air fingers that grow from Saffman-Taylor instabilities
Summary
Introduction and BackgroundVolcanic eruptions provide a striking example of the importance of outgassing in natural viscous suspensions. Crystal-rich magmas are often found with depleted volatiles [e.g., 2, 3], suggesting an effective—and yet unknown—mechanism for gas loss. It is this conundrum that has motivated our research. The simplest experimental configuration utilizes Hele-Shaw cells, parallel plates clamped together and separated by a small gap, where fluid flow is laminar [7]. Under these conditions, gas intruded into a more viscous liquid migrates in the shape of fingers due to the Saffman-Taylor instability [8]. Low confining stress allows continued fracturing, while increasing the confining stress causes the granular material to become rigid, and forces the gas to invade the pore space in the form of capillary or viscous fingering
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