Abstract
AbstractThis chapter summarizes the main concepts of the gas exchange process in reciprocating internal combustion engines. The main indexes used to measure gas exchange process quality are volumetric efficiency and pumping losses; they have been described and analyzed in this chapter. The compressible flow effects in valves and ports, the flow inertia effects in ports and ducts, and the dynamic effects generated by pulsating flow in the intake and exhaust lines have been briefly analyzed in the different subsections. The influence of valve cross section and timing on volumetric efficiency has been discussed in relation with the previously mentioned flow concepts. General relations between those phenomena and variables are provided through the different sections with the aim of highlighting those concepts that are relevant to the automotive engineer for the tasks of designing and diagnosing. Finally, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and pumping work are specifically studied as part of the wider air management concept and as complementary processes to the cylinder gas exchange process.
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