Abstract
ABSTRACTAnaerobic biotechnology is becoming the method of choice for many types of wastewater treatment. Application of granular sludge in the upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) is important in maximising the overall treatment capacity benefiting from its fast settling ability and excellent biological activities. This study explores a new alternative for achieving sludge granulation in a sulfidogenic UASB reactor. Granules were first observed at day 30 and achieved the average diameters of 820 µm at day 162. The scanning electron microscope analysis showed that the granules have a regular spherical-shaped outline boundary, and a rough outer surface layer with a channel-like porous structure. The confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis illustrated that the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were more evenly distributed across the granules under a gas-enhanced operation than at the control stage. For the control stage operation without gas-enhanced operation, no granule disintegration was observed...
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