Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Ulva fasciata (Green Seaweed) Extract and Evaluation of Its Cytoprotective and Antigenotoxic Effects.

Idania Rodeiro,Carlos L Pérez,Rebeca Santes,Ana Valencia-Olvera,Yasnay Hernández,Sitlali Olguín,Gisselle Fernández,Sandra Hernández-Ojeda,Ivones Hernández,Jesús Javier Espinosa-Aguirre,Raisa Mangas,Rafael Camacho-Carranza,José A Herrera

doi:10.1155/2015/520598

Abstract

The chemical composition and biological properties of Ulva fasciata aqueous-ethanolic extract were examined. Five components were identified in one fraction prepared from the extract by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and palmitic acid and its ethyl ester accounted for 76% of the total identified components. Furthermore, we assessed the extract's antioxidant properties by using the DPPH, ABTS, and lipid peroxidation assays and found that the extract had a moderate scavenging effect. In an experiment involving preexposition and coexposition of the extract (1–500 µg/mL) and benzo[a]pyrene (BP), the extract was found to be nontoxic to C9 cells in culture and to inhibit the cytotoxicity induced by BP. As BP is biotransformed by CYP1A and CYP2B subfamilies, we explored the possible interaction of the extract with these enzymes. The extract (25–50 µg/mL) inhibited CYP1A1 activity in rat liver microsomes. Analysis of the inhibition kinetics revealed a mixed-type inhibitory effect on CYP1A1 supersome. The effects of the extract on BP-induced DNA damage and hepatic CYP activity in mice were also investigated. Micronuclei induction by BP and liver CYP1A1/2 activities significantly decreased in animals treated with the extract. The results suggest that Ulva fasciata aqueous-ethanolic extract inhibits BP bioactivation and it may be a potential chemopreventive agent.

Highlights

Marine seaweeds have been harvested for several years in the Far East and Asia Pacific countries, where they are consumed as food
Five components were identified in one fraction prepared from the extract by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and palmitic acid and its ethyl ester accounted for 76% of the total identified components
As BP is biotransformed by CYP1A and CYP2B subfamilies, we explored the possible interaction of the extract with these enzymes

Summary

Introduction

Marine seaweeds have been harvested for several years in the Far East and Asia Pacific countries, where they are consumed as food. The economic potential of the seaweed industry is widely recognized [2]. Seaweeds are considered an attractive avenue for the screening of biologically active compounds, due to their biodiversity and safety [2, 3]. The seaweed species studied have shown variations in their chemical composition (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, and vitamins) associated with the influence of environmental factors such as seasonal periods, temperature, light, salinity, location, and storage conditions [4]. Seaweeds are able to produce secondary metabolites with interesting bioactive properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antioxidant effects [5,6,7,8,9].

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