Abstract
The current study was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities of the n-hexane and methylene chloride extracts from Senna italica as well as the characterization of their chemical constituents via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). The results revealed that the n-hexane extract showed weak antimicrobial with inhibition zones ranged from 3.8 to 7mm, and the methylene chloride extract showed a potent antimicrobial with inhibition zones ranged from 4.2 to 18mm compared to five standard antibiotics. Also, according to the criteria of the American National Cancer Institute (USNCI), the n-hexane showed weak anticancer activity with IC50 equal to 81.6±4.1, 73.0±3.90, 66.8±3.12, and 92.8±4.82 µg/ml, while the methylene chloride exhibited a potent anticancer activity with IC50 of 16.9±1.30, 17.4±1.36, 18.3±1.59, and 14.2±1.18 µg/ml, compared to 5-fluorouracil with IC50 of 7.9±0.28, 4.8±0.21, 8.3±0.35, and 5.4±0.20, all respectively for HePG-2, Hela, PC3, and MCF-7 tumor cell lines. The activity against ABTS radical was recorded with the methylene chloride (% inhibition= 86.3%), compared to ascorbic acid with 89.2%. Moreover, GC-MS analysis revealed that the major constituents of the n-hexane were n-hexadecanoic acid (30%), (Z,Z,Z)9,12,15-octadecadienoic acid (21%), vitamin E (7.32%), and for methylene chloride were 3-methyl-4-oxopentanoic acid (16.36%), (E)-stilbene (11.86%), and 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (10.70%).
Highlights
Senna L. (Fabaceae) is a widespread genus of flowering plants growing in the tropical and subtropical regions around the world i.e., Latin & North America, Africa, Southeastern Asia, and Australia (Yagi et al, 2013)
The results revealed that the nhexane extract showed weak antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones were ranged from 3.8 to 7mm, and the methylene chloride extract showed a potent antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones were ranged from 4.2 to 18mm compared to five standard antibiotics
While the methylene chloride extract showed a remarkable effect against eight organisms compared to standard antibiotics i.e., Escherichia coli (18mm/ ampicillin24mm), Staphylococcus aureus (15mm/ ampicillin 24mm), Streptococcus pyogenes (12mm/ ampicillin 20mm), Candida albicans (10mm/ clotrimazole 20mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.2mm/ ampicillin 25), Erwinia spp. (9mm/ streptomycin 35mm), Staphylococcus epidermis (9mm/ ampicillin 24mm), andBacillus subtilis (9mm/ kanamycin 20mm)
Summary
Senna L. (Fabaceae) is a widespread genus of flowering plants growing in the tropical and subtropical regions around the world i.e., Latin & North America, Africa, Southeastern Asia, and Australia (Yagi et al, 2013). Senna comprised nearly 350 species (Randell and Barlow, 1998; Yagi et al, 2013). The microbial resistances against antibiotics is a great challenge and rapidly increase, so scientists search for a new trend aiming to identify naturally occurring antimicrobial agents from medicinal plants as alternative to the current antibiotics (Cowan, 1999; Ghareeb et al, 2015). The plant derived naturally occurring compounds are considered as good chemotherapeutic anticancer agents (Schwartsmann et al, 2002). The current study aims to investigate the chemical constituents of Senna italica aerial parts as well as the evaluation of their in vitro antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities
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