Abstract
Glomerular capillary hemorrhage (GCH) in rat kidney provides a model system for assessing in vivo gas body efficacy in diagnostic or therapeutic applications of ultrasound. Two diagnostic ultrasound machines were utilized: one monitored the second‐harmonic B mode contrast‐enhancement of the left kidney and the other exposed the right kidney for GCH production. Definity contrast agent was infused at 5 μl/kg/min for 300 s during shams and 1.5‐MHz intermittent exposures at 2.3‐MPa peak rarefactional pressure amplitude in groups of five rats. The left kidney image brightness enhancement, indicative of circulating gas body dose, was 18.4 au (decompressed arbitrary units) in shams with no GCH in histology. Exposure of the right kidney with a normal 1‐s image interval induced 68.4% GCH but reduced the left kidney enhancement to 3.3 au, which implies substantial gas body destruction. Decreased exposure with 10‐s interval reduced right kidney GCH (P′<0.001) but only to 30.3% while ameliorating gas body destruction with 13.1‐au left kidney enhancement. The effective in vivo gas body dose in rats may be reduced greatly due to gas body destruction in the small animal, complicating extrapolation to similar conditions of human exposure. [Work supported by NIH grant EB00338.]
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