Abstract
David Garland is a multicultural sociologist best known for his work on punishment and penal practices. His work in Punishment and Modern Society: A Study in Social Theory (1990) and The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society (2001) shed light on historical practices of the past and modern techniques and methods of the future. Utilizing theoretical frameworks from sociologists and social scientists such as Michel Foucault and Emile Durkheim, Garland enhances the field of criminal justice by explaining how punishment is not merely a form of social control but a direct reflection of social norms and values shaped by the culture it exists within.
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