Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is a major cause of photoaging, which also involves inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). The present study was undertaken to examine the UVB-protecting effects of yellow-colored plant extracts in cell-based assays. HaCaT keratinocytes were exposed to UVB in the absence or presence of plant extracts, and resulting changes in cell viability and inflammatory cytokine expression were measured. Of the plant extracts tested, Gardenia jasminoides extract showed the lowest cytotoxicity and dose-dependently enhanced the viabilities of UVB-exposed cells. Gardenia jasminoides extract also attenuated the mRNA expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in HaCaT cells stimulated by UVB. Conditioned medium from UVB-exposed HaCaT cells was observed to stimulate MMP-1 protein expression in human dermal fibroblasts, and this effect was much smaller for the conditioned medium of HaCaT cells exposed to UVB in the presence of Gardenia jasminoides extract. Gardenia jasminoides extract also exhibited antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects in HaCaT cells exposed to UVB. These results indicated that UVB-induced injury and inflammatory responses of skin cells can be attenuated by yellow-colored plant extracts, such as Gardenia jasminoides extract.
Highlights
Cosmetics have become essential products as people pursue esthetic desires in modern society, and their role has been extended to the retardation of skin aging caused by physiological and environmental factors
Because UVB increased inflammatory cytokine expression in HaCaT cells, we examined whether the conditioned medium of UVB-exposed HaCaT keratinocytes, which contained inflammatory cytokines, stimulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1 expression in fibroblasts via paracrine effects
We examined the effects of plant extracts on the paracrine effects of cytokines secreted by UVB-exposed HaCaT keratinocytes on MMP-1 expression in fibroblasts
Summary
Cosmetics have become essential products as people pursue esthetic desires in modern society, and their role has been extended to the retardation of skin aging caused by physiological and environmental factors. Photoaging involves changes in dermal extracellular matrix composition and collagen loss. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a group of zinc endopeptidases, play a key role in the turnover of extracellular matrix macromolecules, including type I collagen [4, 5]. The expressions of MMPs, such as MMP-1, -2, -3, and -9, are known to be upregulated in UV-exposed human dermal fibroblasts [6, 7]. These MMPs can regulate the remodeling of connective tissues associated with the formation of wrinkles and other phenotypes of photoaging. The pharmacological targeting of MMPs is considered a promising strategy to reduce the photoaging process [8]
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