Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, which belongs to the Rubiaceae family, is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine. Although effect of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis has been widely reported, its anti-inflammatory role in intestinal mucosal injury induced by LPS remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of decoction extracted from Gardenia jasminoides on the morphology and intestinal antioxidant capacity of duodenum induced by LPS in mice. Further analysis was carried out in the expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was determined by Western blot. Gardenia jasminoides water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electro spray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The results showed that Gardenia decoction markedly inhibited the LPS-induced Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-1 production. It was also observed that Gardenia decoction attenuated duodenum histopathology changes in the mouse models. Furthermore, Gardenia decoction inhibited the expression of NF-κB in LPS stimulated mouse duodenum. These results suggest that Gardenia decoction exerts an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant property by up-regulating the activities of the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Gardenia decoction is highly effective in inhibiting intestinal mucosal damage and may be a promising potential therapeutic reagent for intestinal mucosal damage treatment.
Highlights
The intestine plays a crucial role in digesting and absorbing nutrients, balancing microbiota, protecting immunological functions and serves as a barrier against harmful pathogens and antigens (Vancamelbeke and Vermeire, 2017)
The current study, we investigated the preventive effect of Gardenia jasminoides decoction (GD) in LPS induced experimental intestinal mucosal injury in mice
Compared with the control group, the concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4, and IL-10 were significantly reduced in the LPS model group in the serum (P < 0.05)
Summary
The intestine plays a crucial role in digesting and absorbing nutrients, balancing microbiota, protecting immunological functions and serves as a barrier against harmful pathogens and antigens (Vancamelbeke and Vermeire, 2017). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS/endotoxin), the major constituent of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, is a common trigger of intestinal mucosal injury. The LPS-induced cytokine release leads to the pathophysiologic derangement associated with intestinal mucosal injury. Many cellular signals that are activated by Gram-negative bacteria are contributed to LPS. Does LPS trigger inflammatory responses, but it activates pro-apoptotic signals in macrophages, endothelial cells, epithelial cells and immune cells (Ma et al, 2012; Plociennikowska et al, 2015). NF-κB plays a critical role in immune and inflammatory
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