Garcienone, a Novel Compound Involved in Allelopathic Activity of Garcinia Xanthochymus Hook.

Md Mahfuzur Rob,Ryota Suzuki,Kiyotake Suenaga,Hisashi Kato-Noguchi,Arihiro Iwasaki

doi:10.3390/plants8090301

Md Mahfuzur Rob, Ryota Suzuki + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8090301

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Abstract

Plants are sources of diversified allelopathic substances that can be investigated for use in eco-friendly and efficient herbicides. An aqueous methanol extract from the leaves of Garcinia xanthochymus exhibited strong inhibitory activity against barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), foxtail fescue (Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and cress (Lepidium sativum L.), and appears to be a promising source of allelopathic substances. Hence, bio-activity guided purification of the extract through a series of column chromatography steps yielded a novel compound assigned as garcienone ((R, E)-5-hydroxy-5-((6S, 9S)-6-methyl-9-(prop-13-en-10-yl) tetrahydrofuran-6-yl) pent-3-en-2-one). Garcienone significantly inhibited the growth of cress at a concentration of 10 μM. The concentrations resulting in 50% growth inhibition (I50) of cress roots and shoots were 120.5 and 156.3 μM, respectively. This report is the first to isolate and identify garcienone and to determine its allelopathic potential.

Highlights

Agricultural output largely depends on the efficient management of different pests, especially weeds
The root growth of cress, alfalfa, barnyard grass, and foxtail fescue was inhibited by 98.8%, 98.40%, 95.7%, and 89.70%, respectively
The aqueous methanol extracts of G. xanthochymus markedly inhibited the seedling growth of alfalfa, cress, barnyard grass, and foxtail fescue (Figure 1), and the magnitude of inhibition correlated alfalfa, cress, barnyard grass, and foxtail fescue (Figure 1), and the magnitude of inhibition correlated with the extract concentration

Summary

Introduction

Agricultural output largely depends on the efficient management of different pests, especially weeds. Even though synthetic herbicides are the most efficient method of weed control, they have enormous hazardous effects on human health and the environment [5,6,7]. Non-judicious and repeated use of synthetic herbicides has resulted in resistant weed biotypes [8,9]. When allelochemicals are released into the environment, they can suppress the growth of adjacent plants by manipulating different physiological events such as cell division and extension, protein synthesis, nutrient uptake, and membrane permeability; this phenomenon is called allelopathy [12,13]. Bio-herbicides containing allelochemicals with novel modes of action could offer numerous advantages including the prevention of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes and the maintenance of the ecological balance [14,15,16]. It is assumed that there are about 1.4 million allelopathic compounds in plants, and of those, only 3% have

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