Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect garbanzo containing diet on cholesterol in hamster fed cholesterol containing high fat diet. It was hypothesized that garbanzo diet would lower cholesterol in hamsters, based on previous observation of the bile acid binding potential of garbanzo. Garbanzo (Cicer arietinum), Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum), lentils (Lens culinaris), soy protein isolate (SPI) or casein (control) diets were fed to hamsters for three weeks. Initial and final animal weights, feed intakes and plasma triglycerides values were similar among all the treatments. Garbanzo containing diet significantly lowered total plasma cholesterol (TC) compared with casein control. There was 17% reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in hamsters fed the garbanzo diet; this difference was not significant due to high variability in within treatment values. Plasma cholesterol values with lentils diet were similar those with the control diet. Liver lipid and liver cholesterol values with lentils diet were higher than all the other treatments. Data suggest that garbanzo diet has the potential to lower the risk of atherosclerosis and improve human health.
Highlights
The population of the Asian countries has a notably low risk of coronary vascular disease (CVD), presumably due to their lower intake of animal protein and higher intake of various beans, which are being introduced to the Western World mainly by migrants
Garbanzo (Cicer arietinum), Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum), lentils (Lens culinaris), soy protein isolate (SPI) or casein diets were fed to hamsters for three weeks
Hamsters fed Bengal gram or soy protein isolate diets resulted in significantly lower total plasma cholesterol (TC) values than those fed lentils containing diet
Summary
The population of the Asian countries has a notably low risk of coronary vascular disease (CVD), presumably due to their lower intake of animal protein and higher intake of various beans, which are being introduced to the Western World mainly by migrants. Bengal gram (smaller size, yellow to black color, wrinkled, Desi Chana, Asian variety of garbanzo) a protein rich bean which forms the staple diet of people of low socioeconomic status in South East Asia, was found to have a marked hypocholesterolemic effect in cholesterol and cholic acid fed rats [3]. Both its protein and fat fractions were found to cause this effect. The changes in TC and LDL-C concentrations were directly related to the initial serum cholesterol levels This three week hamster feeding study was conducted to evaluate cholesterol-lowering potential of diets containing garbanzo, Bengal gram, lentils, soy protein isolate (SPI) or casein
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