Abstract
Mushroom cultivation benefits humankind as it deliberately encourages wild mushrooms to be commercially propagated while recycling agricultural wastes. Ganoderma neo-japonicum is a rare polypore mushroom found growing on decaying Schizostachyum brachycladium (a tropical bamboo) clumps in Malaysia. The Malaysian indigenous tribes including the Temuans and Temiars use the basidiocarps of G. neo-japonicum to treat various ailments including diabetes. In this study, the domestication of G. neo-japonicum in artificial logs of different agricultural residues was investigated. Sawdust promoted the mycelia spawn colonisation in the shortest period of 38 ± 0.5 days. However, only sawdust and bamboo dust supported the primodia formation. Complex medium supported mycelium growth in submerged cultures and 27.11 ± 0.43 g/L of mycelia was obtained after 2 weeks of cultivation at 28 °C and 200 rpm. Antioxidant potential in mushroom may be influenced by different cultivation and extraction methods. The different extracts from the wild and cultivated basidiocarps as well as mycelia were then tested for their antioxidant properties. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of mycelia and basidiocarps tested had varying levels of antioxidant activities. To conclude, domestication of wild G. neo-japonicum using agroresidues may ensure a continuous supply of G. neo-japonicum for its medicinal use while ensuring the conservation of this rare species.
Highlights
Selection of substrate for basidiocarp production based on mycelia growth
G. neo-japonicum has been reported to produce extracellular oxidative enzymes including laccase and lignin peroxidases which may aid in the degradation of lignocellulose-based substrates[17]
The growth cycle of this species is much longer compared to the other well domesticated G. lucidum and G. tsugae, it was still shorter as compared to the reported annual life cycle in the wild[33]
Summary
We reported that wheat grains fermented by mycelia of G. neo-japonicum had enhanced antioxidant activities as well as enhanced adipogenesis; and that PPARγ expression in 3T3-L1 cells was modulated[9,20]. There are, minimal reports on artificial cultivation for basidiocarp production[21,22] and solid substrate fermentation (SSF) of G. neo-japonicum[20]. The antioxidant activities of the various extracts prepared from basidiocarp (wild and cultivated) and mycelium from submerged and solid substrate fermentation were investigated.
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