Abstract
The popular medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. [Ling Zhi] has been widely used for the general promotion of health and longevity in Asian countries. Continuous cultivation may affect soil microbe and soil properties. However, the effect of G. lucidum cultivation on related wood segments, soil and tree roots microbial communities and soil properties is remain unknown. In our study, the microbial communities of soils, wood segments, and tree roots before and after G. lucidum cultivation were investigated by Illumina Miseq sequencing of both ITS and 16S rDNA, and taxonomic composition of eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms were observed. Indices of microbial richness, diversity and evenness significantly differed between before and after G. lucidum cultivation. Each of the investigated sampling type harbored a distinctive microbial community and differed remarkably before and after G. lucidum cultivation. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota (fungi), Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria (bacteria) showed significant differences after Ling Zhi cultivation. The soil property values also changed after cultivation. The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that both the fungal and bacterial community structure significantly correlated with soil humus, pH, nitrogen, carbon and trace elements (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) contents. The results indicated that G. lucidum cultivation may have significant differed the associated microbial community structures and soil properties. The study will provide useful information for G. lucidum cultivation and under-forest economic development.
Highlights
The popular medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. [Ling Zhi] has been widely used for the general promotion of health and longevity in Asian countries
The bacteria indexes are higher in wood segments after cultivation, while, showed an opposite trend in soil and tree root samples (Table 1)
Rarefaction curve showed that the OTUs abundance were saturated in all samples (Supplementary Fig. S3A,B). [LA– Soil after G. lucidum cultivation; LB– Soil before G. lucidum cultivation; MA–Wood segments after G. lucidum cultivation; MB–Wood segments before G. lucidum cultivation; GA– P. tabulaeformis roots of the sites after G. lucidum cultivation; GB– P. tabulaeformis roots of the sites before G. lucidum cultivation]
Summary
The popular medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. [Ling Zhi] has been widely used for the general promotion of health and longevity in Asian countries. The effect of G. lucidum cultivation on related wood segments, soil and tree roots microbial communities and soil properties is remain unknown. The results indicated that G. lucidum cultivation may have significant differed the associated microbial community structures and soil properties. Ling Zhi cultivation may play a vital role on microbial communities of soils, wood segments and tree roots as well as soil properties. Our main study aim is to investigate the differences on the microbial communities of soils, wood segments and tree roots before and after G. lucidum cultivation. The study will provide a comprehensive view of microbial community and soil properties changes affected by G. lucidum cultivation and useful information for further exploitation and utilization
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