Gamut of Orbital Lesions in a Tertiary Neurocenter-A Clinicopathological Study of Lesions Seen Over a Period of One Decade.

Abstract

The orbital region is an anatomically complex area comprising crucial contiguous/adjacent structures. Since the eye has a neuroectodermal basis of embryogenesis, many of the lesions may be similar to those arising in the central nervous system. To record and describe the clinicopathological spectrum of orbital lesions presenting to a neurology center. The retrospective study included biopsy/resected specimens of patients with orbital/ophthalmic lesions referred to the Department of Neuropathology, between February 2007 and February 2018. : The demographic, clinical, and radiological details were retrieved from the departmental archives and the slides were reviewed. There were 99 cases in the period of the study (2007-2018) with a peak in fourth and fifth decades (age range: 5 months to 68 years; mean: 37.2 years; M: F =1.06: 1). Eighty-six (86.8%) cases had epicenter in the orbit, whereas 13 (13.13%) cases were extraorbital with orbital extension. The benign neoplasms predominated (50/99, 50.5%) followed by malignant neoplasms (24/99, 24.24%), infective conditions (11/99, 11.11%) and tumor like conditions (7/99, 7.07%). The most common benign tumor was vascular tumor (17/50, 34%) followed by meningioma (12/50, 24%), while epithelial malignant tumor (6/24, 25%) was the most common malignancy. Fungal infection was the most frequent infective condition (6/11, 54.5%). The spectrum of ocular-orbital lesions varies with the geographic area and the nature of the institute catering to the needs of patients. The spectrum of lesions that we encountered from a neurological institute was vastly different from that reported from ophthalmic centers with very low frequency of retinoblastomas.