Abstract
The water-soluble polysaccharides (APPs) isolated from the edible mushroom Auricularia polytricha were irradiated by γ-ray at doses of 10, 100, and 1000 kGy. The effect of gamma irradiation on the degradation of the polysaccharide was investigated. After irradiation treatment, the viscosity and molecular weight of APPs decreased with the increase in the irradiation dose. The changes in the enthalpy of APPs after irradiation treatment were observed. Meanwhile, SEM showed that R-APPs were crushed into fragments and the surfaces became smooth and wrinkled after irradiation. In further spectrum analysis, it was found that the glycoside bonds of the polysaccharides were broken and accompanied by the formation of double bonds. This suggested that gamma irradiation could cause the depolymerization and oxidation of polysaccharides. In addition, irradiated APPs could reduce the body weight of hyperlipidemia mice. The levels of serum and liver TC, TG, and serum LDH-c significantly decreased in hyperlipidemia mice after treatment by irradiated APPs. It indicated that gamma irradiation significantly improved the anti-hypolipidemic activity of APPs. The relationship between the physicochemical properties and hypolipidemic activity of polysaccharides was interpreted, which provides a theoretical basis for the further development of APP products. Gamma irradiation is a viable technology for macromolecular modification for degradation.
Highlights
Auricularia polytricha, a traditional and popular edible mushroom in China, is well known for its low fat and high dietary fiber contents
Gamma irradiation could cause the degradation of polysaccharides from A. polytricha (APPs)
Our results showed that the levels of hepatic TG (175%) and total cholesterol (TC) (255%) in the hypercholesterolemic mice increased remarkably (Table 2)
Summary
Auricularia polytricha, a traditional and popular edible mushroom in China, is well known for its low fat and high dietary fiber contents. A. polytricha is rich in nutrients; it has many medicinal ingredients. It could be used as a candidate of complementary and alternate medicine (CAM) in China [1]. The salt-soluble polysaccharide SSP from the mycelia of A. polytricha exhibited antimutagenic activity against the DNA-damaging effect in vivo [2]. A fraction of polysaccharides APPIIA showed significant antitumor effects and regulated macrophage activation [3]. The water-soluble polysaccharide components from fruit bodies of A. polytricha exhibited significant anticancer and antioxidant activities [4]. The polysaccharides from many plants and mushrooms were found to be effective in lowering the lipid levels in hypercholesterolemic or hyperlipidemic mammals. A polysaccharide fraction isolated from Enteromorpha prolifera had a high hypolipidemic antioxidant activity [5].
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