Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae was used to enhance the mobilization of antioxidants of soybean matrix along with garlic as a co-substrate by modulating polyphenolic substances during solid-state fermentation. Mobilized polyphenols were used as a green tool for synthesis and stabilization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The radiation-induced AuNPs synthesis is a simple, clean and inexpensive process which involves radiolysis of aqueous solution that provides an efficient method to reduce metal ions. Gamma irradiated aqueous extract of fermented soybean and garlic was used for rapid preparation of AuNPs combining both effects of radiolytic reactions by radiation and stabilization by bioactive components of fermented extract. The synthesized AuNPs were confirmed by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform infra red (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis which revealed morphology of spherical AuNPs with size ranging from 7–12 nm. The synthesized AuNPs exhibited antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, as measured by well diffusion assay.
Highlights
The formation of AuNPs can be attributed to the radiolytic reduction which generally involves radiolysis of aqueous solutions that provides an efficient method to reduce metal ions
Preparation and characterization of AuNPs The aqueous fermented extract was used for the synthesis of AuNPs, since it is enriched with mobilized phenolic compounds which are responsible for both synthesis and stabliziation of AuNPs
The color change is attributed to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) (Mulvaney, 1996)
Summary
Solid state fermentation (SSF) of an edible plant matrix by filamentous fungi is a biotechnological strategy that may induce health beneficial naturally occurring antioxidant components including polyphenols during microbial fermentation (McCue and Shetty, 2005, Lee et al, 2008). The radiation-induced synthesis is one of the most promising strategies (Mostafavi et al 1993). C aqueous solutions that provides an efficient method to reduce metal ions. In the radiolytic method, when aqueous solutions are exposed to gamma rays, they create solvated electrons, which reduce the metal ions and the metal atoms eventually coalesce to form aggregates (Marignier et al 1985). The combined effect of both radiolytic reduction and presence of soybean flavonoids, and sulfur containing compounds and proteins in garlic resulted in formation of AuNPs by radiolytic reactions
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