Abstract
AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the nuclear radiation shielding properties of erbium (Er)-reinforced and samarium (Sm)-reinforced borate glasses. In the 0.015–15 MeV photon energy range, attenuation coefficients, as well as half-value layer tenth-value layers, and the mean-free path have been calculated. Additionally, effective, and equivalent atomic numbers, effective atomic weight, electron density, and exposure and energy absorption build-up factors were also calculated. To evaluate the overall nuclear radiation attenuation competencies of Er-rich and Sm-rich glasses, effective removal cross-section values for fast neutrons and projected range/mass stopping power values for alpha and proton particles were also determined. The glass sample BZBEr2.0 had the highest linear and mass attenuation coefficients (µandµm), effective conductivity (Ceff), the effective number of electrons (Neff), and effective atomic number (Zeff) values as well as the lowest half-value layer (T1/2), tenth value layers (T1/10), mean free path (λ), exposure build-up factor, and energy absorption build-up factor values.µmvalues were reported as 2.337, 2.556, 2.770, 2.976, 2.108, 2.266, 2.421, 2.569, and 2.714 for BZBEr0.5, BZBEr1.0, BZBEr1.5, BZBEr2.0, BZBSm0.0, BZBSm0.5, BZBSm1.0, BZBSm1.5, and BZBSm2.0 glass samples at 0.06 MeV, respectively. The results showed that Er has a greater effect than Sm regarding the gamma-ray shielding properties of borate glasses. The results of this investigation could be used in further investigations and added to older investigations with the same aim, to aid the scientific community in determining the most appropriate rare-earth additive, to provide adequate shielding properties based on the requirement.
Highlights
Gamma and X-ray are the most common types of ionizing radiation emitted and used in nuclear medicine, radiation therapy, and nuclear reactors
Nine different zinc borate glasses doped with Er and Sm were examined for several different nuclear shielding properties, including linear and mass attenuation coefficients, half and tenth value layers, mean free path, build up factors, and so forth
As the BZBEr2.0 with the greatest Er additive demonstrated better nuclear radiation attenuation capabilities, it was obvious that Er reinforcement had a significant favorable effect on nuclear radiation attenuation qualities
Summary
Gamma and X-ray are the most common types of ionizing radiation emitted and used in nuclear medicine, radiation therapy, and nuclear reactors. As these rays have no mass, they can travel long distances through the air [1]. Gamma and X-ray are thought to be the most penetrating and difficult to shield. When a high radiation dosage is absorbed, it may result in radiation sickness, organ failure, skin rashes, carcinogenesis, genetic damage, bone-marrow loss, and death. Radiation shielding, and safety is becoming a more widespread research subject. The radiation must be reduced to safe levels by the shielding materials to protect medical
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