Abstract
Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) plays an important role in the immune response to live measles virus vaccination. To study the immune response to measles vaccination, IFN-γ level was estimated in 30 children. Of these, 24 children vaccinated with a single dose of measles vaccine at nine months of age and 06 children vaccinated with a second dose during the Measles Catch-up Immunization campaign. Measles vaccine strain was cultured in Vero cell line and the Tissue Culture Infective Dose (TCID)50 was used as standard live virus. Peripheral blood Mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was separated by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation and stimulated with measles virus antigens and mitogens (lectin), cultured in CO2 and iFN-γ level was measured from culture supernatant by ELISA. On stimulation with measles antigen and lectin respectively, IFN-γ level was highest (105 pg/ml and 226.54 pg/ml) in the 109-120 months age group while it was lowest (12.97 ± 8.16 pg/ml and 13.16 ± 8.0 pg/ml) in the 61-72 months age group. No significant difference was observed in IFN-γ level after stimulation with either measles antigen or lectin among well-nourished (p < 0.8) and mal-nourished (p < 0.7) children suggesting that nutritional status did not have any effect on IFN-γ level. However, IFN-γ level was higher in children who received two dose of measles vaccine than those who received a single dose (p < 0.001).
Highlights
IntroductionHumoral immunity to measles vaccine has been extensively studied, and it is believed that both primary vaccine failure (complete lack of antibody after immunization) and secondary vaccine failure (waning or insufficient antibody after immunization) may be responsible for the variable efficacy of measles vaccine.[2,3,4] It is speculated that measles vaccine failure may result from the induction of a polarized cytokine profile, which induces an immune response that may not be sufficiently protective.[5] humoral immunity plays a pivotal role in protection against measles, several reports suggest that cell mediated immune (CMI) is essential for recovery from measles and may provide long-term immunity.[6,7,8,9] This is best illustrated in children with isolated agammaglobulinemia who recover from measles and develop lifelong immunity.[10] In contrast, individuals with T-cell deficiencies, such as, leukemia and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection experience a progressive illness with 50-100% mortality.[11,12] These findings clearly suggest that the cellular immune response plays a central role in immunity to measles infection and in protection against reinfection
Measles is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality especially among young children from developing countries like Bangladesh
Humoral immunity plays a pivotal role in protection against measles, several reports suggest that cell mediated immune (CMI) is essential for recovery from measles and may provide long-term immunity.[6,7,8,9]
Summary
Humoral immunity to measles vaccine has been extensively studied, and it is believed that both primary vaccine failure (complete lack of antibody after immunization) and secondary vaccine failure (waning or insufficient antibody after immunization) may be responsible for the variable efficacy of measles vaccine.[2,3,4] It is speculated that measles vaccine failure may result from the induction of a polarized cytokine profile, which induces an immune response that may not be sufficiently protective.[5] humoral immunity plays a pivotal role in protection against measles, several reports suggest that CMI is essential for recovery from measles and may provide long-term immunity.[6,7,8,9] This is best illustrated in children with isolated agammaglobulinemia who recover from measles and develop lifelong immunity.[10] In contrast, individuals with T-cell deficiencies, such as, leukemia and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection experience a progressive illness with 50-100% mortality.[11,12] These findings clearly suggest that the cellular immune response plays a central role in immunity to measles infection and in protection against reinfection
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