Gamma Aminobutyric Acid-Enriched Fermented Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Increases the Length of the Growth Plate on the Proximal Tibia Bone in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Hyesook Lee,Su Hyun Hong,Hyun Hwangbo,Gi-Young Kim,Da Hye Kim,Eui Kyun Park,You-Jin Jeon,Freshet Assefa,Joung-Hyun Park,Yung Hyun Choi,Su Jeong Lee,So Young Kim,Seon Yeong Ji,Bae-Jin Lee,Min Yeong Kim

doi:10.3390/molecules25194375

Abstract

Bone growth during childhood and puberty determines an adult’s final stature. Although several prior studies have reported that fermented oyster (FO) consisting of a high amount of gamma aminobutyric acid can be attributed to bone health, there is no research on the efficacy of FO on growth regulation and the proximal tibial growth plate. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of FO oral administration on hepatic and serum growth regulator levels and the development of the proximal tibial growth plate in young Sprague-Dawley rats. Both oral administration of FO (FO 100, 100 mg/kg FO and FO 200, 200 mg/kg FO) and subcutaneous injection of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH, 200 μg/kg of rhGH) for two weeks showed no toxicity. Circulating levels of growth hormone (GH) significantly increased in the FO 200 group. The expression and secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) were enhanced by FO administration. FO administration promoted the expression of bone morphogenic proteins IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in the proximal tibial growth plate. This positive effect of FO resulted in incremental growth of the entire plate length by expanding the proliferating and hypertrophic zones in the proximal tibial growth plate. Collectively, our results suggested that oral administration of FO is beneficial for bone health, which may ultimately result in increased height.

Highlights

The Crassostrea gigas oyster is the most widely cultivated shellfish and industrially important seafood in Asia and Europe because it is easy to grow and spread and is environmentally tolerant [1,2].Molecules 2020, 25, 4375; doi:10.3390/molecules25194375 www.mdpi.com/journal/moleculesIn addition, it is well known that oyster meat is a high-quality marine food resource that contains several vitamins and minerals [2]
We recently demonstrated that fermentation of oyster by Lactobacillus brevis BJ20 increased the amount of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), which may contribute to increased height in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats [12]
fermented oyster (FO) prevented osteoclast differentiation, stimulated bone formation, and proposed the possibility of promotion on bone growth [12,13,14]. Based on these previous studies, we considered that the beneficial effect of FO on bone health was associated with a high content of GABA

Summary

Introduction

The Crassostrea gigas oyster is the most widely cultivated shellfish and industrially important seafood in Asia and Europe because it is easy to grow and spread and is environmentally tolerant [1,2].Molecules 2020, 25, 4375; doi:10.3390/molecules25194375 www.mdpi.com/journal/moleculesIn addition, it is well known that oyster meat is a high-quality marine food resource that contains several vitamins and minerals [2]. Numerous studies have reported that oysters and their bioactive peptides have pharmacological benefits including anti-oxidant [3], anti-microbial [4], osteogenic [5,6], anti-inflammatory [7], postprandial blood glucose control [8], and anti-coagulant properties [1]. Je et al [10] suggested that during oyster sauce fermentation, the major free amino acids increased including taurine, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine, alanine, and lysine. They reported that peptides isolated from fermented oyster (FO) sauces possessed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity, and oral administration of these peptides suppressed blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats [11]

Results

Discussion

Conclusion