Abstract
Mobile-data traffic exponentially increases day by day due to the rapid development of smart devices and mobile internet services. Thus, the cellular network suffers from various problems, like traffic congestion and load imbalance, which might decrease end-user quality of service. This work compensates for the problem of offloading in the cellular network by forming device-to-device (D2D) links. A game scenario is formulated where D2D-link pairs compete for network resources. In a D2D-link pair, the data of a user equipment (UE) is offloaded to another UE with an offload coefficient, i.e., the proportion of requested data that can be delivered via D2D links. Each link acts as a player in a cooperative game, with the optimal solution for the game found using the Nash bargaining solution (NBS). The proposed solution aims to present a strategy to control different parameters of the UE, including harvested energy which is stored in a rechargeable battery with a finite capacity and the offload coefficients of the D2D-link pairs, to optimize the performance of the network in terms of throughput and energy efficiency (EE) while considering fairness among links in the network. Simulation results show that the proposed game scheme can effectively offload mobile data, achieve better EE and improve the throughput while maintaining high fairness, compared to an offloading scheme based on a maximized fairness index (MFI) and to a no-offload scheme.
Highlights
Over the past few decades, the demands on wireless cellular networks (WCNs) have been increasing fast, with applications on user equipment (UE) which are mobile devices used directly by end-users to communicate such as smart phones, tablets, and other new UEs
We study the problem of mobile data offloading (MDO) via D2D links
In order to see the domination of the proposed scheme, we compare the performance of the proposed game scheme those of two baseline schemes; the maximized fairness index (MFI) scheme and the no-offload scheme
Summary
Over the past few decades, the demands on wireless cellular networks (WCNs) have been increasing fast, with applications on UEs which are mobile devices used directly by end-users to communicate such as smart phones, tablets, and other new UEs. The ever-increasing MDT is one of the reasons end-user experience decreasing quality of service (QoS), and it creates challenges for cellular network operators (CNOs) To face this explosive traffic demand, CNOs need to upgrade their networks by either migrating to new-generation WCNs or developing enhancement techniques to significantly increase their network capacity. We consider the problem of MDO in NRF-EH environments, where UEs can simultaneously harvest non-RF energy from the ambient environment (e.g., solar power) and execute data communications with other UEs via the path-loss model with a log normal distribution of shadow fading.
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