Abstract
China is entering a period of rapid urban development. With the rapid expansion of cities, a large number of peasants have lost their land as a result. Given the development of urbanization, safeguarding the rights and interests of land-lost peasants in the process of urbanization has become a new topic of interest in China. In this study, based on game theory, we analyze the interests of the local government and land-lost peasants in several rounds of the citizenization process. The result demonstrated the following: (1) this paper proposed that overall interest declines in the entire game, in which the peasant can obtain a greater share of benefits from bargaining with the local government; (2) However, a long bargaining process would lead to the diminishment of peasants’ rights and benefits. In contrast, the local government would obtain greater share of benefits than the peasant and would obtain fewer benefits than at the beginning of the process. Therefore, both sides expect to end the game process early; (3) Under the “rational economic man” process, this process will always tend to be one in which one party struggles while the other compromises. Therefore, in the game, the game process will not reach a game equilibrium state and both sides will be at a stalemate; (4) The local government, as the power owner, is expected to surrender its interests as the “rational economic man” for the Pareto optimality; (5) Finally, we proposed policy recommendations for the sustainability of citizenization. Increasing the public service benefits, establishing the system of subsistence allowances and raising the minimum living allowance of citizenization, improving the training and employment service system for the peasant can improve land-lost peasants’ acceptance in the game.
Highlights
With rapid economic development and population growth, urbanization is taking place at an unprecedented pace around the world, especially in developing countries such as China [1]
We believe that our approach is of relevance (1) conceptually, because of our focus on the two main contradictions in the citizenization process; (2) methodologically, because our approach allows for the disentangling of the disequilibrium game state in the process of citizenization; and (3) practically, because we focus on finding a sustainable way toward citizenization and safeguard the rights of the peasant through the analysis
(1) Before the analysis of the game between the land-lost peasant and the local government in the process of urbanization, this paper makes three assumptions, and the three assumptions have certain restrictions on the game relationship discussed in this paper
Summary
With rapid economic development and population growth, urbanization is taking place at an unprecedented pace around the world, especially in developing countries such as China [1]. China has been experiencing urbanization at an unprecedented rate since the implementation of economic reforms in 1978 [2]. Urbanization in China is being pushed by industrialization and rapid economic development [6,7]. Fredmann proposed that the urbanization of China is an endogenous process [8]. Ma proposed that the household registration and land system are the most fundamental driving forces of urbanization in China [9]. With the rapid growth of the economy, industrial development and the reform of the household registration system, the pace of urbanization in China will further increase
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