Game Awareness: A Questionnaire

Katarina Kostelić

doi:10.3390/g12040090

Abstract

This paper deals with one of the possible methodological approaches to an empirical examination of game awareness. Such an outline should enable the gathering of a deeper understanding of individuals’ awareness. The questionnaire is based on a scenario technique, and it is focused on game awareness in situations with possible strategic interactions. The goal is to assess the instrument regarding its reliability and validity. Internal reliability is assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. A k-nn analysis was used to estimate divergent construct validity and criterion validity, and nonparametric factor analysis was used to estimate convergent construct validity. The questionnaire satisfies the requirements of reliability and validity. Moreover, there is an indication that each of the eight scenarios may be used separately, as they also meet the criteria for reliability and validity. Possible practical and theoretical implications involve questionnaire use as a basis for educational intervention, other instruments’ development, as well as for the collection and publication of behavioral insights about game awareness. Behavioral insights should enrich the theory and incite behavioral game theory models of game awareness and its implications.

Highlights

This paper deals with one of the possible methodological approaches to an empirical examination of game awareness
The parallel development of behavioral economics revealed the additional potential of game-theoretical analyses of strategic interactions while questioning the boundaries of rationality, which led to the development of behavioral game theory
It can be noticed that only loose rules (LR) and LR complementary probability (CP) data from 2021 meet the threshold of 0.8 [45]

Summary

Introduction

This paper deals with one of the possible methodological approaches to an empirical examination of game awareness. The questionnaire is based on a scenario technique, and it is focused on game awareness in situations with possible strategic interactions. Regardless of the type and form of the game, there are basic elements—players, strategies, and payoffs—considered as presumptions and preconditions for the game’s existence. Recently, another question arose as a possible game presumption, regarding the players’ awareness of the game. The second question can be answered only if the situation is assessed as probably game-like, namely, if an amount of game awareness exists. The answer to the second question requires the awareness and assessment of the game elements: players, strategies, payoffs, and game rules. Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations

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