Gambir catechins modulates amyloid-β concentration in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer’s model rat

Abstract

Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease has been reported as the consequences of amyloid-β accumulation in the brain resulted from oxidative stress. Gambir, which contains catechins as a potential antioxidant, is abundant in West Sumatra. This study aims to evaluate the effect of gambir catechins administration on amyloid-β concentration in cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] of the rats. An experimental study with a post-test only design was carried out on 12-week old female Sprague Dawley, an Alzheimer’s model rat. As many as 30 rats were divided into the control and treatment groups. Four of the six groups were treated with the catechins extract doses of 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, and 100 mg per 200 g BW. Meanwhile, the other two groups were positive and negative control groups. After four weeks, the rats were sacrificed and the CSF was collected. Amyloid-β concentration measurement was using the ELISA method. The statistical analysis was using One-way ANOVA with posthoc test Tukey HSD. Treatment groups exhibited a linear decrease in amyloid-β concentration in all doses, particularly in CC3. The CC3-treated group showed the lowest amyloid-β concentration [13.325 ± 4.625 ng/ml], which is significantly lower [p < 0.05] when compared to the PC group [45.280 ± 7.590 ng/ml]. This result provides experimental evidence that gambir catechin reached its optimum neuroprotective effect on amyloid-β level in cerebrospinal fluid by 60 mg/200 g BW.