Abstract
Gallstones constitute one of the more common and relatively costly conditions of the gastrointestinal system and are a major risk factor for gallbladder cancer. Most gallstone cases involve individuals younger than 60 years of age, those older representing 9% of the total in one series. There are many risk factors for gallstones and Lith and Mucin genes, for example, play important roles in their formation. Surgery is one therapeutic approach but in the future it is to be expected that drugs for prevention of gallstones will be developed in the future. This will have clear implications for gallbladder cancer control.
Highlights
Gallstones are more common among women (3/1); 6.3 million men and 14.2 million women aged 20 to 74 years in the US have gallstones (Everhart et al, 1999)
Surgery is one therapeutic approach but in the future it is to be expected that drugs for prevention of gallstones will be developed in the future
Gallstone disease was first described in ancient Egypt and the first treatment was reported in Chinese (Shennong Bencao Jing) and Indian sources
Summary
Gallstones are more common among women (3/1); 6.3 million men and 14.2 million women aged 20 to 74 years in the US have gallstones (Everhart et al, 1999). They are a major risk factor for gallbladder cancer development (Rajic et al, 2014; Gupta et al, 2015). Gallstone disease was first described in ancient Egypt and the first treatment was reported in Chinese (Shennong Bencao Jing) and Indian sources. The first cholecystectomy was performed in Berlin in 1882 (Everhart et al, 1999)
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