Galloyle derivatives and biological activities of Acrocarpus fraxinifolius weight and arn leaves

Abstract

Acrocarpus fraxinifolius is commonly known as mundane and shingle tree. It is a stately deciduous tree, attaining heights of 30–60m; stem cylindrical, free of branches for up to 75% of its total height. It can achieve a diameter of over 200cm. The total ethanol extract of the dried powdered leaves of the plant as well as the successive extracts, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous ethanol extracts were prepared. Three galloyle derivatives named 2,3 digalloyle-α ,- β glucoside, quercetin-(2''-galloyl-)3-O- β-glucopyranoside, myrecetin-(2''-galloyl-)3-O- β -glucopyranoside as well as p-hydroxy-benzoic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin-3-O- β – galactopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-α -rhamnopyranoside, kaempferol and quercetin were isolated from aqueous ethanol extracts. Different extracts were screened for their antidiabetic and invivo antioxidant activities. LD50 of the total ethanol extract was found to be 5.3g/kg b.wt. Total ethanol and aqueous ethanol extracts at 100mg/kg exhibited 80.2% and 75.5% potency respectively as compared with metformin (100% potency) in decreasing the glucose level after four weeks. The total ethanol and aqueous ethanol extracts showed invivo antioxidant activity 42.96% and 55.63% potency, respectively as compared with vitamin E (100% potency).