Gallbladder Cancer—Current Management Options

Abstract

Carcinoma of the gallbladder is an aggressive disease, often with a poor prognosis. Although the incidence has remained relatively stable over the past decade, an increase in laparoscopic cholecystectomy has resulted in a increase in cases detected at earlier stages offering an opportunity for better prognosis. Diagnostic techniques including ultrasound (US), endoscopic US (EUS), computed tomography (CT) with multiplanar reconstruction, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and diagnostic laparoscopy have evolved. Surgical resection to negative microscopic margins with lymphadenectomy offers the only chance for long-term survival. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation may be indicated in a subset of patients, and data have suggested a beneficial effect on overall survival. A multidisciplinary approach is required for the optimal management of this complex disease.