Galerkin finite element methods for the Shallow Water equations over variable bottom

Abstract

We consider the one-dimensional shallow water equations (SW) in a finite channel with variable bottom topography. We pose several initial–boundary-value problems for the SW system, including problems with transparent (characteristic) boundary conditions in the supercritical and the subcritical case. We discretize these problems in the spatial variable by standard Galerkin-finite element methods and prove L2-error estimates for the resulting semidiscrete approximations. We couple the schemes with the 4th order-accurate, explicit, classical Runge–Kutta time stepping procedure and use the resulting fully discrete methods in numerical experiments of shallow water wave propagation over variable bottom topographies with several kinds of boundary conditions. We discuss issues related to the attainment of a steady state of the simulated flows, including the good balance of the schemes.