Galerkin finite element analysis of heat and mass transfer of Jeffrey, Maxwell and Oldroyd-B nanofluids in a vertical annulus with an induced magnetic field and a non–uniform heat source/sink

Abstract

ABSTRACT The Maxwell, Jeffrey and Oldroyd-B nanofluid models are important for characterising fluid flow, heat and mass transfer in industrial chemical process systems and operations. Consequently, this study focuses on investigating thermophoresis, Brownian motion, a non-uniform heat source/sink and suction influence on Maxwell, Jeffrey and Oldroyd-B nanofluids towards a stretching cylindrical annular surface with an induced magnetic field (IMF). The non-linear ODEs are solved numerically by opting for GFEM for the transformed system. The obtained GFEM results are compared and are in exceptional agreement with existing results, in the limiting sense. The boundary layer of the velocity and IMF are reduced by the Lorentz force, and also in the vertical annulus the IMF is independent of magnetic parameter ( 1 ≤ β ≤ 5 ) and is reliant on the size of the radius ratio. For higher values of Nb ( 0.1 ≤ N b ≤ 0.5 ) the temperature distribution in the annulus accelerates, whereas the concentration profile decelerates. Additionally, heat and mass transfer characteristics are analysed in the annulus through ANN – BLMN. The important outcome of this study is that the Jeffrey model outperforms the Maxwell and Oldroyd-B nanofluid models in terms of heat and mass transfer rates.