Abstract
Use of galectin-3 for assessing cardiac function in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) needs to be established. Within the Gutenberg Health Study cohort (N = 15,010, 35–74 years) patient characteristics were investigated regarding galectin-3 levels. Prognostic value of galectin-3 compared to NT-proBNP concerning cardiac function and mortality was assessed in individuals with euglycaemia, prediabetes and T2DM in 5 years follow-up. Higher galectin-3 levels related to older age, female sex and higher prevalence for prediabetes, T2DM, cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities. Galectin-3 cross-sectionally was related to impaired systolic (β − 0.36, 95% CI − 0.63/− 0.09; P = 0.008) and diastolic function (β 0.014, 95% CI 0.001/0.03; P = 0.031) in T2DM and reduced systolic function in prediabetes (β − 0.34, 95% CI − 0.53/− 0.15; P = 0.00045). Galectin-3 prospectively related to systolic (β − 0.656, 95% CI − 1.07/− 0.24; P = 0.0021) and diastolic dysfunction (β 0.0179, 95% CI 0.0001/0.036; P = 0.049), cardiovascular (hazard ratio per standard deviation of galectin-3 (HRperSD) 1.60, 95% CI 1.39–1.85; P < 0.0001) and all-cause mortality (HRperSD 1.36, 95% CI 1.25–1.47; P < 0.0001) in T2DM. No relationship between galectin-3 and cardiac function was found in euglycaemia, whereas NT-proBNP consistently related to reduced cardiac function. Prospective value of NT-proBNP on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality was higher. NT-proBNP was superior to galectin-3 to assess reduced systolic and diastolic function.
Highlights
Abbreviations ATC code Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification code of medication BNP Brain natriuretic peptide CI Confidence interval CRP C-reactive protein cardiovascular diseases (CVD) Cardiovascular disease cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) Cardiovascular risk factor(s)
Higher galectin-3 levels were related to higher prevalence of heart failure
The present study provided a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between galectin-3 and the cardiac function concerning prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) status compared to euglycaemic individuals in a large populationbased study cohort
Summary
Abbreviations ATC code Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification code of medication BNP Brain natriuretic peptide CI Confidence interval CRP C-reactive protein CVD Cardiovascular disease CVRF Cardiovascular risk factor(s). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents an epidemic metabolic disease with increasing prevalence affecting over 463 million people today. Impaired glucose metabolism was causative for alterations in the myocardium in combination with other cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), and singularly in absence of further CVRF and CVD such as arterial hypertension and/or coronary artery disease. In diagnostics of heart failure, NT-proBNP represents the gold-standard laboratory parameter, and galectin-3 revealed promising results regarding an association with the presence of cardiac d ysfunction[13,14]. Aim of the study was to assess galectin-3 as a biomarker for cardiac function in people with euglycaemia, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The findings were confronted with NT-proBNP in order to refer the results to an established biomarker and gold-standard in diagnosis of heart failure
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