Galaxy formation in the Planck Millennium: the atomic hydrogen content of dark matter haloes

Abstract

ABSTRACTWe present recalibrations of the galform semi-analytical model of galaxy formation in a new N-body simulation with the Planck cosmology. The Planck Millennium simulation uses more than 128 billion particles to resolve the matter distribution in a cube of 800 Mpc on a side, which contains more than 77 million dark matter haloes with mass greater than 2.12 × 109 h−1 M⊙ at this day. Only minor changes to a very small number of model parameters are required in the recalibration. We present predictions for the atomic hydrogen content (H i) of dark matter haloes, which is a key input into the calculation of the H i intensity mapping signal expected from the large-scale structure of the Universe. We find that the H i mass–halo mass relation displays a clear break at the halo mass above which AGN heating suppresses gas cooling, ≈3 × 1011h−1 M⊙. Below this halo mass, the H i content of haloes is dominated by the central galaxy; above this mass it is the combined H i content of satellites that prevails. We find that the H i mass–halo mass relation changes little with redshift up to $z$ = 3. The bias of H i sources shows a scale dependence that gets more pronounced with increasing redshift.