Abstract
The neuropeptide galanin was first discovered 30 years ago. Today, the galanin family consists of galanin, galanin-like peptide (GALP), galanin-message associated peptide (GMAP), and alarin and this family has been shown to be involved in a wide variety of biological and pathological functions. The effect is mediated through three GPCR subtypes, GalR1-3. The limited number of specific ligands to the galanin receptor subtypes has hindered the understanding of the individual effects of each receptor subtype. This review aims to summarize the current data of the importance of the galanin receptor subtypes and receptor subtype specific agonists and antagonists and their involvement in different biological and pathological functions.
Highlights
The neuropeptide galanin was first discovered 30 years ago
The galanin family consists of galanin, galanin-like peptide (GALP), galanin-message associated peptide (GMAP), and alarin and this family has been shown to be involved in a wide variety of biological and pathological functions
The limited number of specific ligands to the galanin receptor subtypes has hindered the understanding of the individual effects of each receptor subtype
Summary
Reviewed by: Jong-Ik Hwang, Korea University, Korea Sebastien G. The galanin family consists of galanin, galanin-like peptide (GALP), galanin-message associated peptide (GMAP), and alarin and this family has been shown to be involved in a wide variety of biological and pathological functions. A third peptide, GALP, was identified with capacity to bind to the galanin receptor subtypes, GalR1-3, followed by the characterization of a splice variant of GALP named alarin. GALANIN MESSAGE ASSOCIATED PEPTIDE There are very few studies regarding the localization, function, and pharmacological potential of GMAP. GALANIN-LIKE PEPTIDE Ohtaki et al (1999) characterized a third peptide, isolated from porcine hypothalamus, that was recognized to induce GTPbinding to a membrane preparation of GalR2-transfected cells. They named this new peptide galanin-like peptide, or GALP. Anxiolytic and antidepressant (Swanson et al, 2005; Kuteeva et al, 2008; Ash et al, 2011)
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