Gait Analysis in Adults with Severe Hip Dysplasia before and after Total Hip Arthroplasty

Abstract

Anatomical reconstruction of high riding hips by total hip arthroplasty (THA) and subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy aims to normalise gait pattern and improve functional hip scores. We present the medium-term clinical results of a group of patients with high riding dislocated hips in whom a cementless THA and subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy had been performed. We compared them with their preoperative status, with patients who had undergone a cementless THA for primary osteoarthritis, and also with a group of healthy gender and age-matched controls. Prospective computerized, three-dimensional gait analyses were performed in 8 female patients with uni-/ or bilateral severe developmental dysplasia of the hip (Group I). Gait analysis was performed preoperatively and at a mean of 12.5 months postoperatively. A group of 8 individuals who received cementless hip replacement for primary osteoarthritis (Group II), and a control group of 8 able-bodied individuals (Group III) were recruited for comparison. Patients in Group I improved and approached the values of Group II. However both were behind Group III. Limb length discrepancy was reduced from a mean of 4.3 cm (range, 1 - 8 cm) to a mean of 0.8 cm (range, 0 - 2 cm) at the latest follow-up. Pain was reliably relieved and activities of daily living were improved in patients with high riding developmental dysplasia of the hip, but they were still behind the normal population average. Nevertheless, the results can be as satisfactory as those in patients who undergo a THA for primary osteoarthritis.