Abstract
Backscatter radio systems, including high frequency radio frequency identification (RFID), operate in the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dyadic backscatter channel</i> - a two-way pinhole channel that has deeper small-scale fades than that of a conventional one-way channel. This paper shows that <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pinhole diversity</i> is available in a rich scattering environment caused by modulating backscatter with multiple RF tag antennas - no diversity combining at the reader, channel knowledge, or signaling scheme change is required. Pinhole diversity, along with increased RF tag scattering aperture, can cause up to a 10 dB reduction in the power required to maintain a constant bit-error-rate for an RF tag with two antennas. Through examples, it is shown that this gain results in increased backscatter radio system communication reliability and up to a 78% increase in RF tag operating range.
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