Gain Enhancement of Transversely Slotted Substrate Integrated Waveguide Leaky-Wave Antennas Based on Higher Modes

Abstract

A technique for gain enhancement of transversely slotted substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) leaky-wave antennas is proposed based on higher modes. Two SIW leaky-wave antennas based on the TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m0</sub> ( m = 3, 5) higher modes are investigated. The antennas possess the advantage of simplicity, in which the feeding structures are compact and simple. Compared with published transversely slotted SIW leaky-wave antenna based on the fundamental mode (TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> mode), the proposed antennas exhibit higher and more consistent gains. Besides, the antennas maintain the scanning capability from near broadside to endfire. The working principles of the antennas are explained. The propagation characteristics are investigated with a magnetic field integral method. The aperture efficiencies are analyzed. Two leaky-wave antenna designs based on the TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">30</sub> and TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50</sub> higher modes are demonstrated and compared with a TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> -mode antenna design (with almost the same dispersion characteristics). Prototypes of the three designs are fabricated and measured for comparisons. Compared with the TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> -mode antenna, the TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">30</sub> - and TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50</sub> -mode antennas have the transverse beamwidths markedly narrowed and have the gains improved by about 5.5 and 8 dB, respectively.