Abstract
High gain antennas are highly desirable for long-range wireless communication systems. In this paper, a compact, low profile, and high gain dielectric resonator antenna is proposed, fabricated, experimentally tested, and verified. The proposed antenna system has a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna with a height of 9 mm and a radius of 6.35 mm as a radiating element. The proposed dielectric resonator antenna is sourced with a slot while the slot is excited with a rectangular microstrip transmission line. The microstrip transmission line is designed for a 50 Ω impedance to provide maximum power to the slot. As a result, the proposed antenna operates at 5.15 GHz with a 10-dB absolute bandwidth of 430 MHz (4.98 – 5.41 GHz). It is important to mention that the gain of the dielectric resonator antenna is enhanced by the introduction of an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure. In fact, EBG units are placed below the antenna, which enhances the realized peak gain from 5.32 dBi to 8.36 dBi at 5.15 GHz. More specifically, a gain enhancement of 3.04 dB is observed with the introduction of the EBG array. This antenna has several good features such as high gain, compact size, large bandwidth, and lower losses which make it a suitable choice for long-range wireless communication systems.
Highlights
In the recent era, dielectric resonator antennas have gained much appreciation due to their promising characteristics such as lower losses, light-weight, high-quality factors, and effectiveness [1,2,3]
The reported antenna operates at three different states (1) mode 1: when all parasitic patches are deactivated the antenna operates at linear polarization, (2) mode 2: when two diagonal parasitic patches are activated, the antenna operates at left-handed circular polarization, and (3) mode 3: when rest of the diagonal parasitic patches are activated, the antenna operates at right-handed circular polarization
The results of the reflection coefficient are important because several antenna parameters can be extracted from it such as (1) Resonant frequency of the antenna, which shows that at which frequency the antenna is more matched, (2) impedance matching which shows that how much power from source is transferred to load, (3) impedance bandwidth of the antenna which identifies the operational bandwidth of the antenna, and (4) lower and upper-frequency limits of the operational frequency
Summary
Dielectric resonator antennas have gained much appreciation due to their promising characteristics such as lower losses, light-weight, high-quality factors, and effectiveness [1,2,3]. The reported subsystem has a realized peak gain of 1.52 dBi and radiation efficiency of 93% at the resonant frequency. The antenna is embedded inside a rectangular biomedical device for testing purposes Both bands of the reported antenna are independently controllable with acceptable gains of 2.01 dBi and 5.84 dBi, respectively. In [13], a dual-band cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna is reported at 4.4 GHz and 6.1 GHz with a 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 600 MHz and 500 MHz, respectively In both bands, the dielectric resonator antenna resonates using HEM11 mode with peak realized gains of 4.9 dBi and 5.6 dBi. Initially, a conventional dielectric resonator antenna is reported and adding circular copper strips on its top to operate at dual bands. Simulated and measured results of the dielectric resonator with and without backing by EBG array structures are presented and discussed
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