Gain and Bandwidth Programmable Fourth-Order Multiple Feedback Butterworth Low-Pass Filter for C–V2X Applications

Abstract

A gain and bandwidth tunable active-RC multiple-feedback (MFB) fourth-order low-pass filter is presented, which exhibits four different bandwidths of 10, 20, 30 and 40[Formula: see text]MHz and four different gain settings of 0, 4, 8 and 12[Formula: see text]dB to meet the requirements of the cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) standards. The filter uses the cascade of two biquad MFB cells. Gain and bandwidth programmability is achieved by using programmable capacitor and resistor arrays. A logic block is implemented in the filter to adjust the gain transfer function for every tuning option. Also, two-stage miller op-amp topology is chosen to implement biquad MFB cells for minimum complexity and maximum efficiency in low voltage operation. The filter is designed in 65-nm CMOS technology and occupies a 0.181[Formula: see text]mm2 area and it totally consumes 13.41[Formula: see text]mW from the 1.2[Formula: see text]V supply voltage. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this work is the first CMOS baseband filter design that includes both gain and bandwidth programmability implemented for C-V2X applications.