Abstract
Both the gain in the low-gain regime and the growth rate in the high-gain regime of a waveguide free electron laser are devided within the 1D approximation. The effects of waveguide on the gain are analyzed. Numerical simulations are made using a 1D time-dependent code. It is shown that the slippage between the electron beam and the radiation results in a greater reduction of gain in the high-gain regime than in the low-gain regime, but the slippage can be eliminated more fully by a waveguide in the high-gain than in the low-gain regime.
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