Abstract
BackgroundThe Regulatory Focus Questionnaire (RFQ) assesses regulatory promotion and prevention focus, which represent orientations towards gains or losses. The main objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the newly translated German version.MethodsA sample of 1024 participants answered the questionnaire and several related instruments. We used an online survey tool to collect this data. Data analysis was conducted using methods of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in SPSS and AMOS.ResultsThe RFQ displayed acceptable reliability, while its correlations with other, related psychological constructs indicated good validity. Factor analysis showed good fit for a two-dimensional model. Tests of measurement invariance revealed clear evidence for metric invariance while scalar invariance remained uncertain. Differences in regulatory focus based on sociodemographic characteristics are reported and discussed.ConclusionsOverall, the RFQ can be recommended for application in fields dealing with motivation and goal attainment in a broad sense.
Highlights
The Regulatory Focus Questionnaire (RFQ) assesses regulatory promotion and prevention focus, which represent orientations towards gains or losses
Lee, and Higgins [14] argued that the regulatory focus system is orthogonal to the approach-avoidance system
Participants and procedures The study sample was acquired between December 2015 and February 2016 utilizing the online survey tool SoSciSurvey [33],after the design was met with approval by the ethics commission of the University of Applied Sciences Magdeburg-Stendal (AZ-3973-51)
Summary
The Regulatory Focus Questionnaire (RFQ) assesses regulatory promotion and prevention focus, which represent orientations towards gains or losses. Regulatory focus theory (RFT) is a goal pursuit theory that categorizes individuals’ thoughts and behaviors in terms of an orientation towards gains and losses [1,2,3,4]. Promotion-oriented individuals seek to make gains, seize opportunities, and take risks in order to advance in their pursuits towards ideals. Prevention-oriented individuals aim to minimize risks, maintain a given status quo, and remain vigilant against potential threats to oughts. These tendencies influence the processing and Molden, Lee, and Higgins [14] argued that the regulatory focus system is orthogonal to the approach-avoidance system. Proposing a 2 × 2 model, they demonstrated how in approaching a positive end state, individuals can either approach gains (promotion) or approach non-losses
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