Gadolinium-Doped Iron Nanostructures Decorated with Novel Drugs for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Photodynamic, and Photothermal Therapy Applications

Abstract

Multidrug drug resistance (MDR) builds many limitations/troubles/problems in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and treatment techniques. In this strategy, novel idea of polyethylene glycol/polyacrylic acid (PEG-co-PAA)-decorated gadolinium-doped iron was employed for cancer diagnostics and therapy purposes. In real sense, multifarious/various morphology of Gd-doped Fe-NMPs was found to be useful in versatile format of biomedical applications. Schematic of ongoing experimental strategy illustrates that three efficient photosensitizers, e.g., chlorine e6, Foscan®, and 5-ALA were decorated with Gd-doped iron capsulated with PEG-co-PAA such that their size/morphology consists within range of 100–120 nm of nanospheres. Final form of this nanospheres/nanocapsule plays a vital role through synergistic response of mutual plasmonic reaction of drug decorated nanocapsule. One of the prime focus of this novel experimental approach/review is to trace feasibility of PEG-co-PAA-decorated Gd-doped Fe-NMPs complex with drugs for photothermal therapy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) application. Current chapter consists of diverse flavor of original results includes SEM and TEM analysis, UV-Visible spectroscopy, NMR analysis of final product of PEG-co-PAA-doped Gd-Fe3O4 decorated with effective drugs, and cytotoxic and phototoxic effects of current developed organic–inorganic nanocapsule. The results indicate that PEG-co-PAA-encapsulated Gd-doped Fe-NMPs are very promising nanospecies for T1-MRI applications. Both the individual Gd-doped Fe-NPs and its conjugated species exhibited significant toxic effects for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) applications as observed in MCF-7/Hela cancer cell model. These results led to the empirical modeling of individual Gd-doped Fe-NPs and its conjugated species with cancer cells by analyzing the statistical data obtained from experiments and thus novel way toward a more practical strategy for the concept of PEG-co-PAA-encapsulated Gd-doped Fe-NMPs and its conjugates as photosensitizers for MRI, PTT and/or PDT.