Abstract
The city of Riverside, California, has been operating five granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment plants since 2000 to remove volatile organic compounds (VOC) from contaminated groundwater. In evaluating the bacterial quality of virgin GAC, historically the city had used evaluation procedures for disinfecting water mains. With more than 20 GAC changeouts per year, Riverside spent a lot of time and wasted a lot of water to determine if the GAC was safe to use, prompting the city to develop new procedures. These new procedures, approved by the California Department of Health Services in February 2003, save about 720,000 gallons of water per vessel and two days' water supply per each GAC exchange during peak demand season.
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