Gabapentin controlled substance status

Abstract

Gabapentin is approved to treat postherpetic neuralgia and epilepsy with partial-onset seizures. The large majority of gabapentin prescribing is off label. Gabapentin may be abused for euphoria, potentiating the high from opiates, reduction of alcohol cravings, a cocaine-like high, as well as sedation or sleep. Individuals at the highest risk for abusing gabapentin include those with opioid abuse, mental illness, or previous history of prescription drug abuse. States are now taking action to track gabapentin use through prescription monitoring programs, and some states have reclassified it as a Schedule V controlled substance. This commentary summarizes gabapentin’s abuse potential, identifies state-level actions regarding gabapentin monitoring, and discusses possible clinical implications and ways to enhance patient safety when prescribing gabapentin.